Employment Archives - AAPD https://www.aapd.com/category/issues/employment-2/ American Association of People with Disabilities Tue, 03 Dec 2024 13:44:23 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.8.3 https://www.aapd.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/cropped-icon-32x32.png Employment Archives - AAPD https://www.aapd.com/category/issues/employment-2/ 32 32 American Association of People with Disabilities Celebrates Proposed Department of Labor Regulation to End Subminimum Wage https://www.aapd.com/aapd-celebrates-14c-rule/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=aapd-celebrates-14c-rule Tue, 03 Dec 2024 09:30:25 +0000 https://www.aapd.com/?p=17597 For Immediate Release: December 3, 2024 Contact: Jess Davidson, jdavidson@aapd.com; 202-465-5528   WASHINGTON – Today the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM), inviting public comment on its proposed regulation to stop the practice of issuing new 14c certificates to employers, and to phase the use of existing 14c certificate […]

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For Immediate Release: December 3, 2024

Contact: Jess Davidson, jdavidson@aapd.com; 202-465-5528

 

WASHINGTON – Today the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM), inviting public comment on its proposed regulation to stop the practice of issuing new 14c certificates to employers, and to phase the use of existing 14c certificate holders over 3 years from the date the rule is finalized. The American Association of People with Disabilities (AAPD) received this news with excitement and applauds the proposed rule.

Under section 14c of The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, employers who are granted a certificate from the Department of Labor do not have to pay disabled employees minimum wage. Disabled workers under 14c certificates are paid $3.34/hour on average, with many workers being paid even less – despite many of those underpaid disabled workers performing the same duties as their non-disabled colleagues. 

The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 was signed into law before the creation of many of the tools, technologies, and labor protections that have allowed disabled people to thrive. Despite advancements in disability rights and disabled Americans’ civil rights to live, work, and receive services as integrated members of their communities, disabled workers have long been forced to work under conditions set amidst antiquated (and inaccurate) societal expectations of disabled people set almost 90 years ago. Disability organizations began opposing the use of 14c certificates and subminimum wage almost as soon as the practice started. Today’s NPRM is a critical point of progress in the broader effort to advance the economic power of disabled people. 

“14c certificates are inherently based on a deeply flawed, false, ableist notion that disabled workers’ labor and contributions are less valuable than the labor and contributions of their non-disabled peers,” said AAPD President and CEO Maria Town. 

Town continued, “Our world has transformed and advanced in countless ways since 1938. While the disability community still faces high rates of unemployment and under-employment, disabled people’s prospects of financial independence have considerably improved since 1938, as has our society’s collective understanding of disability. The ideas on which these certificates are based have no place in our modern society and workforce. Today’s NPRM from the Department of Labor is a long-overdue and critical action towards righting this wrong.” 

“AAPD applauds this proposed regulation and Acting Secretary of Labor Julie Su’s leadership in recognizing that subminimum wage is discriminatory towards disabled workers. AAPD has long supported transitioning to competitive, integrated employment, which provides many alternatives to sheltered workshops and subminimum wage. Of course, this issue reaching DOL in the first place would not have been possible without decades of advocacy and leadership by the disability community, especially disabled people who work under 14c certificates,” Town concluded. 

The Department of Labor will accept comments on the proposed rule for a period of 45 days. AAPD encourages as many people as possible to express their support for the proposed rule, especially disabled people who have been employed by 14c certificates or people whose families have been impacted by the low wages provided by 14c employers. Visit EndSubminimumWage.com to get involved, share your story, and tell the DOL why you support the new regulation.

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For Disabled Workers, a Tight Labor Market Opens New Doors https://www.aapd.com/why-is-the-employment-gap-for-people-with-disabilities-so-consistently-wide-2-2-2/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=why-is-the-employment-gap-for-people-with-disabilities-so-consistently-wide-2-2-2 Wed, 04 Jan 2023 22:08:32 +0000 https://www.aapd.com/?p=15038 With Covid prompting more employers to consider remote arrangements, employment has soared among adults with disabilities.

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For Disabled Workers, a Tight Labor Market Opens New Doors

The strong late-pandemic labor market is giving a lift to a group often left on the margins of the economy: workers with disabilities.

Employers, desperate for workers, are reconsidering job requirements, overhauling hiring processes and working with nonprofit groups to recruit candidates they might once have overlooked. At the same time, companies’ newfound openness to remote work has led to opportunities for people whose disabilities make in-person work — and the taxing daily commute it requires — difficult or impossible.

As a result, the share of disabled adults who are working has soared in the past two years, far surpassing its prepandemic level and outpacing gains among people without disabilities.

Read the full story on nytimes.com

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Disabled employee sues Twitter over Musk’s ban on remote work https://www.aapd.com/why-is-the-employment-gap-for-people-with-disabilities-so-consistently-wide-2-2/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=why-is-the-employment-gap-for-people-with-disabilities-so-consistently-wide-2-2 Wed, 04 Jan 2023 22:06:37 +0000 https://www.aapd.com/?p=15034 Nov 17 (Reuters) - Twitter Inc (TWTR.MX) owner Elon Musk's mandate that employees stop working remotely and put in "long hours at high intensity" discriminates against workers with disabilities, a new lawsuit claims.

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Disabled employee sues Twitter over Musk’s ban on remote work

Nov 17 (Reuters) – Twitter Inc (TWTR.MX) owner Elon Musk’s mandate that employees stop working remotely and put in “long hours at high intensity” discriminates against workers with disabilities, a new lawsuit claims.

Read the full story on Reuters.com.

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American Indian or Alaska Native Workers with Disabilities in the Labor Force https://www.aapd.com/why-is-the-employment-gap-for-people-with-disabilities-so-consistently-wide-2/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=why-is-the-employment-gap-for-people-with-disabilities-so-consistently-wide-2 Wed, 04 Jan 2023 22:03:11 +0000 https://www.aapd.com/?p=15029 Via U.S. Department of Labor: Researchers in our Office of Disability Employment Policy recently analyzed workforce data on American Indian or Alaska Native representation in various industries and occupations.

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American Indian or Alaska Native Workers with Disabilities in the Labor Force

Researchers in our Office of Disability Employment Policy recently analyzed workforce data on American Indian or Alaska Native representation in various industries and occupations. This is the latest in an ongoing series of data snapshots about different subgroups of disabled people. Previous snapshots explored Hispanic workers with disabilities, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders with disabilities, Black workers with disabilities and Women with disabilities. 

Read the full report on the U.S. Department of Labor Blog.

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Why Is The Employment Gap For People With Disabilities So Consistently Wide? https://www.aapd.com/why-is-the-employment-gap-for-people-with-disabilities-so-consistently-wide/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=why-is-the-employment-gap-for-people-with-disabilities-so-consistently-wide Wed, 04 Jan 2023 21:49:11 +0000 https://www.aapd.com/?p=15017 Via Forbes: Employment rates for people with disabilities go up and down, but never very much.

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Why Is The Employment Gap For People With Disabilities So Consistently Wide?

This story written by Andrew Pulrang originally appeared on Forbes.com.

Employment rates for people with disabilities go up and down, but never very much. And it seems like the employment gap between disabled and non-disabled people has always been massive, and resists nearly every effort to narrow it.

But it’s not much of a mystery why so comparatively few disabled people have good and stable paid jobs. In fact, the barriers are fairly obvious, at least to disabled people themselves and specialists who study the problem. Still, it may help now and then to review the factors that hinder disabled people in the job market, think more carefully about how these factors interact, and rethink what might be done about them.

As this year’s National Disability Employment Awareness Month ends, there is at least some rare good news. U.S. employment statistics over the last several months show an improvement in employment rates for people with disabilities. Specifically, people with disabilities seem to be entering the job market and getting jobs at a slightly higher rate than non-disabled people.

An October report on disability employment rates from the Kessler Foundation and the University of New Hampshire’s Institute on Disability provides details. The Labor Force Participation Rate — the percentage of working-age people employed — increased 0.4 percent among disabled people between August and September, while it decreased by 0.4 percent for non-disabled people over the same month. Employment-to-Population Ratio — the percentage of the overall population employed — increased 0.3 percent among disabled people between August and September, while remaining flat for non-disabled people.

John O’Neill, PhD, director of the Center for Employment and Disability Research at Kessler Foundation, suggests that this may be a substantial trend, citing disability employment rate improvements extending over a year, “at levels consistently above the historic highs of 2008.”

But positive news like this for disability employment is always relative. Employment rates for people with disabilities have never been credibly close to those of non-disabled people, at least as long as reliable statistics have been tracked. And despite clear signs of recent progress, the employment gap for people with disabilities is still very wide.

The Disability Statistics Compendium Annual Report for 2021 from the Institute on Disability at the University of New Hampshire includes comparative employment rates going back to 2008. While employment rates for people with disabilities do rise, fall, and rise again over time, the percentage of disabled people employed has always been only around 30-40 percent, compared to more like 70 percent for non-disabled people — marking an historically consistent employment gap of around 40 percent.

Improvements have always been fairly marginal — valuable and encouraging, but not enough to change the overall picture. Disabled people’s employment rates going up and down seem to relate more to general economic conditions than to any change or initiatives hoping to improve disability employment.

So why is this gap so wide? Why is it still so difficult for individuals with disabilities to find paying work, and for disabled people in general to participate more in the job market? There is no single or simple answer. Instead, it is likely to be a combination of factors. None of them are particularly mysterious or hidden. And some of them might be easy to change, given enough priority and political will.

Disabilities themselves

Non-disabled people tend to view the negative effects of disabilities as much worse than they really are. And disabled people still struggle to be seen as capable and valuable employees. On the other hand, most disabilities really do make at least some things harder to do. Even under ideal conditions of accessibility and social acceptance, most disabilities require specific kinds of planning, equipment, and physical and emotional endurance that non-disabled people simply don’t need to worry about. And these resources aren’t always readily available.

Plus, while some disabilities are relatively stable, and can be made nearly irrelevant in the workplace with the right accommodations, others fluctuate or are progressive. Adaptations that work today may not be enough tomorrow, a month from now, or in two years. And chronic illnesses like diabetes, Crohn’s Disease, and Long Covid can sometimes be harder to adapt to than deafness, blindness, or paraplegia.

Physical accessibility and standard accommodations often aren’t enough. So one thing many disabled people need in order to be able to work sustainably is flexible jobs that can more easily accommodate fluctuating disabilities and medical conditions. This can include work from home opportunities, varied work schedules, more generous, creative time off provisions, and a wider variety of seasonal and part-time jobs.

Bureaucracy and poorly designed support systems

Sometimes, the problem isn’t about the work, or disabilities themselves, but outside factors that hold disabled people back from reaching their full potential. The most familiar example is the limits on monthly earning and saving to maintain eligibility for benefits like Social Security, Medicaid, and Medicare. Millions of disabled people exist in a vast gray area between total financial self-sufficiency and complete reliance on benefits. They can work and get a job, but it won’t pay enough to meet their higher expenses, or provide health insurance adequate to meet their disability-related needs. If they earn too much from a job, or save too much at any given time, they risk losing benefits they need to live and function. And these earning and saving thresholds haven’t been substantially updated in decades. It’s a poverty trap.

One solution is to transform government income and health care benefits so they support disabled people working, rather than being viewed as strictly a substitute for work. Working for pay while still being eligible for benefits should be much more common and easier to sustain. That could encourage more people with disabilities who want to work and excel to put their full effort into it, confident that they will be financially safe to take the kinds of risks so often necessary for success and prosperity.

Access barriers and discrimination

Of course, accessibility and mobility are two even more obvious, straightforward barriers to employment. They can’t reliably get from home to work and back because of poor or inaccessible transportation. They can’t get into the workplace or maneuver around it because of steps and narrow pathways. They can’t access the tools, techniques, and technology of specific jobs and professions. Or maybe they just can’t get into the restroom. Accessibility standards have improved access quite a lot over the last 50 or so years. But physical design and layout is still an everyday problem for people with any kind of mobility disability.

At the same time, despite the right to individual adaptations being a core provision of the Americans with Disabilities Act, it still seems far too easy for employers to refuse them. Or, maybe even more common, disabled applicants and workers themselves instinctively feel a passive pressure to avoid even asking for accommodations, for fear of being seen as too “high maintenance.”

Finally, there are still too many ways for employers to simply screen out disabled job seekers, weed out disabled employees in indirect ways, or underpay them and overlook their potential for advancement. Both conscious and unconscious discrimination on the basis of disability still happens. Fully qualified disabled people are still denied jobs and career opportunities just because they are disabled.

Maybe what disabled people need is some new ways to make the Americans with Disabilities Act a more immediate and credible force for accessibility, accommodation, and non-discrimination. There also should be a more focused effort by employers themselves to reduce the informal stigma against workers self-identifying their disabilities and seeking accommodations. Disability rights protections don’t do much good if, deep down, disabled people don’t believe they will work for them — and opt instead to hide, and muddle through without accommodations.

Other overlapping, intersecting factors

Disabled people are also hindered by forces and situations that aren’t unique to disability — like substandard education, poor training, lack of past work experience, life struggles and barriers outside of work, and the compounding effects of other overlapping disadvantages and privileges around race, gender, sexual orientation, immigration status, and social class.

Employers, disability professionals, and disabled people themselves need to recognize that while people with all kinds of disabilities have much in common, they face a wide range of different barriers when it comes to employment. The reasons for such high and persistent unemployment among people with disabilities aren’t simple. No single great reform or social change is likely to be revolutionary enough to “move the needle” by itself.

On the other hand, we know the pressure points fairly well. Addressing any of them can help.

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Fannie Lou Hamer’s Legacy https://www.aapd.com/flh-hamers-legacy/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=flh-hamers-legacy Fri, 11 Sep 2020 21:28:27 +0000 https://www.aapd.com/?p=10780 “They kicked me off the plantation, they set me free. It’s the best thing that could happen. Now I can work for my people.” – Fannie Lou Hamer September 11, 2020 What does it mean to be free? Freedom means to be out of any form of bondage. So, what does it mean to be […]

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“They kicked me off the plantation, they set me free. It’s the best thing that could happen. Now I can work for my people.” – Fannie Lou Hamer

September 11, 2020

What does it mean to be free? Freedom means to be out of any form of bondage. So, what does it mean to be in bondage? The life of Fannie Lou Hamer expresses a clear example of what it means to be in bondage. Everyone in bondage wants to be free, but only a few relentlessly fight till the end for their freedom. It is easy to give up when the battle gets tough.  But there are some heroes – like Nelson Mandela and Martin Luther King Jnr – that fight relentlessly for their own freedom as well as the freedom of their people, even when this means that they have to suffer persecution. Fannie Lou Hamer falls in this pack too. Much of the freedom we enjoy today came with a price, a price that Fannie Lou Hamer paid, by resisting oppression and injustice, and refusing to be silenced even in the face of death, to ensure that her people were free and empowered. But we must not let her efforts go in vain; we still have much work to do. We still are not totally free yet. We still suffer racism and injustices and oppression. Black people, especially those with disabilities, are still severely marginalized. However, 2020 is the year! This is the golden opportunity to make a turnaround and make our voices heard. Fannie Lou Hamer advocated with her own life to ensure that black people could vote. Now is the time to uphold her legacy by turning up for this election and exercising our civil rights!

No true change happens if we choose not to take an action. For ages, black people have been on the receiving end of all sorts of discrimination. We have fought for freedom and justice and equality, a struggle that cost many of our ancestors their lives. At a time when we could not vote, people like Fannie Lou Hamer rose to challenge the status quo. This did not immediately go down well; they had to suffer severe repercussions. Fannie was fired from her job and chased from the plantation that had been home to her for nearly two decades — just for registering to vote. She lived her life with dreams to raise a family of her own, but the oppressors forced a disability on her – an unconsented sterilization – with the unethical, diabolical aim of controlling the black population. Today, black people with disabilities experience arguably the worst form of discrimination. Ableism is very rampant, probably on the rise. However, this is about to change, only if we allow it – by voting.

Before and during the time of Fannie Lou Hamer, voter suppression, specifically targeted at black people, was real. Unfortunately, despite all the efforts and sacrifices of our heroes from the past, voter suppression is still among us. Black people are still systematically denied the ability to vote, as proven by a study. Black people with disabilities are probably the most affected here. With profound inaccessibility and systemic ableism still plaguing our nation, it is no surprise that voters with disabilities are blocked from the ballot box. But real change will not occur if we do not make persistent, conscious efforts to see it happen. This may involve some sacrifices, but this is the only way we can pave the way for a better life for the next generation of black people, just as Fannie Lou Hammer did for us.

Although Fannie Lou Hamer could not biologically birth her own children due to the forced sterilization she was made to undergo, everyone who supports justice and equality for people of color automatically becomes her child. And, this year, five of her children – students from various universities across the United States – are working with the American Association of People with Disabilities (AAPD), through the Fannie Lou Hamer Leadership Program, to encourage voter registration among black people as well as blacks with disabilities. A recent study has shown that voter turnout surged among people with disabilities in 2018. We want to make sure that this continues, especially with the 2020 elections right around the corner. Having no choice of candidate should not be an excuse not to vote. We cannot continue to sit on the fence and expect real change to fall from heaven. More black voters are needed. More black voters with disabilities are needed. More black people are needed in our political offices. We cannot enjoy true freedom until we make these happen. There is no better time than now!

By: Tolu Adedoja, organizer in AAPD’s Fannie Lou Hamer Leadership Program.

Through AAPD’s REV UP Campaign, we are proud to announce our new initiative, the Fannie Lou Hamer Leadership Program. This program is designed for young (ages 18 – 30) Black disabled advocates who are committed to boosting voter registration and civic engagement across Black communities leading up to the 2020 elections. Participants will receive a $1,500 stipend and have the opportunity to create a national nonpartisan campaign that promotes voter registration and participation.

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Digital Accessibility in the Age of COVID-19 https://www.aapd.com/digital-accessibility-covid-19/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=digital-accessibility-covid-19 Tue, 25 Aug 2020 13:00:27 +0000 https://www.aapd.com/?p=10571 Digital accessibility is more important than ever with 7 in 10 adults at least partly working remotely during May. Check out AAPD's new guide to Digital Accessibility in the Age of COVID-19 for a short primer on steps to take to ensure your social media, website, documents, and more are accessible!

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By: Lilian Aluri, REV UP Intern and NYU Vote 2020 Fellow at AAPD

August 25, 2020

A graphic illustration of a woman working at a desk with a computer, lamp, coffee cup, and plant. The woman faces away from the picture towards the computer and has long dark hair and wears a pink sweater and green pants and next to her on the floor is a gray cat.

COVID-19 has pushed the world into a new digital era in which we are using the internet more than ever for connecting with family and friends, tracking the news, organizing for social justice, working from home, and fighting off boredom. Zoom is the new bar, classroom, and more. You name it, and we have found a way to move it online during the pandemic. A GALLUP poll indicated that nearly 7 out of every 10 employed adults in the U.S. were working at home at least part of the time this May, and many businesses expect that some remote working will continue even after the pandemic.

In this new digital life, it is more important than ever to consider how accessible or inaccessible the digital world is to the 61 million Americans with disabilities. In the U.S., 15% of adults have hearing loss or a hearing disability, while about 10% of adults have blindness or low vision. Another 3% have intellectual or developmental disabilities. Many of us know that accessibility is important, but perhaps don’t know where to start or think of it as “too much work.”

This graphic displays a bar graph with the title in the top banner that reads "Types of Disabilities, Type of Disability Among Workers With a Disability: 2017" and the bottom banner has the logo of the United States Census Bureau in white and text indicating that the data comes from the 2017 American Community Survey. The data indicates with a bar graph that the breakdown of disability types in the workplaces is 34.4% ambulatory, 31.1% hearing, 29.2% cognitive, 21.5% vision, 16.4% independent living, and 7.5% self-care.

U.S. Census Bureau Data on Types of Disabilities in the Workforce

I’m here to say #1: digital accessibility is not only important, it is absolutely critical. Digital accessibility is about the shared human right to engage in the world we live in. #2: It’s not that difficult. Making digital information accessible takes work and requires planning ahead, but following digital accessibility is just another skill to learn. If we all can learn to navigate Zoom, we can learn how to provide captions for our events, and more.

Where to Start

Digital accessibility encompasses making virtual events, social media posts, websites, digitally shared documents, and more inclusive to people with a range of disabilities. Thankfully in 2020, we live in an era with endless resources for how to achieve digital accessibility. Below are some great resources from the disability community:

In this blog, we have put together some tips and definitions to get you started on making your digital communications accessible!

1. Social Media

Alternative Text

Alternative text (also called image descriptions) are word descriptions of what is in an image. Alternative text (alt text) and image descriptions allow people with blindness and low vision to experience images in addition to text when they are using a screen reader—an assistive technology that reads text on a computer or phone screen aloud.

While image descriptions should be used any time an image is included in digital communications, social media makes it easy to include image descriptions. Platforms like Twitter allow you to add alt text when making a post, and on Instagram and Facebook which allow for more characters, you can also add image descriptions at the end of the main text of the post. Some tips for making effective alt text include:

  • Keep image descriptions to the length of a tweet (280 characters).
  • Focus on what is important in the image and why it was included.
  • Quote important text in the image word for word.
A light blue rectangular graphic with "Digital Accessibility in the Age of COVID-19  |  AAPD" in small black text above larger black text saying "Example: Alternative Text." Below the text, on the right is a graphic of a woman sitting and on the right is the text: "Image Description: An illustrated young woman with medium brown skin, short dark brown hair and bangs is sitting on a white stool against a green background, and she is wearing a red sweater, pink cropped pants, and black slippers."

Readability

When writing, there are a few things you can do to ensure that your social media text is clear and readable:

  • Put hashtags and links at the end when possible so that someone using a screen reader can read the social media post without being interrupted.

2. Videos and Virtual Gatherings

Captioning

Closed Captions (CC) are lines of text, often at the bottom of a video or TV screen, that not only provide a text transcription of any words said but also describe other sounds, such as background music. Closed captions help make the audio part of videos accessible to people who are hard of hearing or deaf. While platforms such as Youtube may have automatic captioning, you make sure your video captions are accurate by using a captioning service to provide captions for your videos. Live captioning for events (virtual or in person) is called CART, which stands for Communication Access Real-Time Translation (CART), and there are endless companies that provide captioning and CART services. Here are a few:

When coordinating captioning for videos and live virtual events, you can help captioners and speed up their work by sending them the names of all participants, the agenda, scripts for remarks from speakers, and the headshots of speakers. Captioners usually provide a text-only link to share with participants that can make the captions easier to read by allowing the reader to:

  • View whole paragraphs of the transcript
  • Control how fast they are reading the captions
  • Remove the distraction of the video or visuals

In Zoom, meeting hosts can assign a captioner so that CART is available directly in the platform. Note that when using breakout rooms, you will have to coordinate multiple captioners to cover the multiple breakout rooms. The number one thing to remember is to START EARLY with all of your captioning and CART needs, and make sure you have all of your captioners hired and any videos pre-captioned at least 72 hours before the event. It takes time for captioning to be completed and reviewed for accuracy.

Pink rectangular graphic with small black text saying "Digital Accessibility in the Age of COVID-19  |  AAPD" above larger text saying "Example: Closed Captioning." Below is an illustration of a computer screen with a city scape and a video play button in the middle of the screen. On the bottom of the screen are words representing captions in white text on black bars saying "Narrator: Over 8 million people live in New York City."

American Sign Language (ASL)

American Sign Language (ASL) is a language using hand and face movements that is used by about half a million people in North America, largely people who are deaf or hard of hearing. Learn more about ASL through the National Association of the Deaf. With such a large community of ASL speakers, there are countless ASL interpreters that you can hire to make your webinars and events inclusive. Here are just a few:

Just as we recommended when working with captioners, providing information on speakers, scripts and statements, and any other event materials in advance helps ASL interpreters prepare for events! 

For smaller meetings and gatherings, whether or not you need ASL will depend on your audience. But when hosting events open to the public, including ASL is key to ensuring everyone can engage in your event. Remember, ASL is its own language! Providing only captions to an ASL-speaker is like providing only English captions to a Spanish-speaker. When incorporating music (beyond background music), there are lots of ASL interpreter groups skilled in interpreting music, including DEAFinitely Dope and Amber G. Productions.

Incorporating ASL interpreters into Zoom and other virtual meeting platforms is easy! In Zoom, encouraging participants to use the “Gallery View” and select “View Video Participants Only,” will help viewers to prioritize the ASL interpreters. When presenting a slide-deck, Zoom attendees can select “Side-by-Side” view to ensure that ASL interpreters are still visible and can even pin the videos of the interpreters to their screen. Platforms such as Streamyard also allow you to choose a layout in which an ASL interpreter’s video screen is minimized but visible next to the main video screen.

Light green rectangular graphic with small black text saying "Digital Accessibility in the Age of COVID-19  |  AAPD" above larger text saying "Example: American Sign Language." Below is a illustrated computer screen with a video play button in the middle of the screen. On the left of the screen is an illustration of a light-skinned woman with dark hair signing in ASL as the interpreter in this example. On the left of the screen is a light-skinned man who is the speaker in this example.

Audio Descriptions

Audio descriptions in videos or presentations serve the same purpose as alt text for images. During a recorded video, audio descriptions of what is happening on screen enables people with blindness and low vision to engage more fully in media that is both visual and audial. Live visual descriptions in a zoom call might include describing one’s own appearance and video background and any visual graphics included in slide decks. Check out this example of audio descriptions during the ADA 30 Lead On Celebration this year. Disney has also committed to providing audio descriptions for many of their productions on the Disney Plus streaming platform.

Practice, Practice, Practice

Especially when it comes to planning live events, making sure that captioning and ASL interpretation are properly implemented can be difficult and any manner of things can go wrong (as with any aspect of event planning). Practicing and rehearsing your event in advance will help you prepare for what might go wrong with your accessibility technology. Also, the more events you host with accessible technology, the smoother your events will go!

3. Documents and Articles

Alternative Text

Much of the earlier conversation about image descriptions applies to images and logos included in documents. In documents, blog posts, and any other writing, make sure that your images are described. In Google, you can right click on an image and choose “Alt Text” to create an image description. Similarly in Microsoft Word, simply right click on an image and select “Edit Alt Text” to add a description.

Document Logic

Document logic means how you organize your document with titles, headings, and regular paragraphs. Both Google Docs and Microsoft Word allow you to change and create “Styles,” for all titles, headings, or normal text in a document. Using this feature to identify headings versus paragraphs of text helps screen readers understand how to correctly read different parts of a document. 

Yellow rectangular graphic with small black text saying "Digital Accessibility in the Age of COVID-19  |  AAPD" above larger text saying "Example: Document Logic." Below is a white box with a title, author line, and excerpt of a poem. To the left of the white poem box is a column of words with the header "Styles:" on top and underneath are three words each of which correspond to a section of the poem. The word "Title" has an arrow drawn to the poem title which is "Excerpt from 'Still I Rise'," the word "Subtitle" has an arrow drawn to the author line "By Maya Angelou," and the word "Body Text" has an arrow drawn to the body of the poem:
"Just like moons and like suns,
With the certainty of tides,
Just like hopes springing high,
Still I'll rise."

Plain Language

Earlier, we mentioned plain language when discussing Social Media. Plain language is about writing clear and concisely. Using plain language makes communications easy to understand for the general population, including people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and people who speak English as a second language. To learn more, check out this guide to writing in plain language from the Association of University Centers on Disabilities (AUCD). For examples of plain language writing, you can also check out this COVID-19 Guide in plain language created by the Green Mountain Self-Advocates on the COVID-19 or this Guide to Contacting your Representatives in Congress by AUCD.

Yellow rectangular graphic with small black text saying "Digital Accessibility in the Age of COVID-19  |  AAPD" above larger text saying "Example: Plain Language." Below are two different sentences. The first sentence on the left has a red frowny face next to it and says "ORIGINAL SENTENCE: The fundamental purpose of AAPD is to advance the political and economic well-being and efficacy of individuals who have a disability." The sentence on the right has a green happy face and text saying: "IMPROVED SENTENCE: AAPD advocates for the political and economic empowerment of people with disabilities."

Text Size

Many of us remember our parents or grandparents complaining about text that is too small to read or face this difficulty ourselves. More people have difficulty reading small text than you may think. According to the American Foundation for the Blind, 1 in 10 adults have trouble seeing even with glasses or contact lenses. Using a larger font helps so many people to more easily read your materials. Instead of 10 point font, consider 14 point font or larger (16 point or larger on websites). 

High Contrast

Using images with a high contrast of very light and very dark colors can be easier for folks with low vision to view. The same tip applies to choosing font and background colors. Stick to text and background combinations that have high contrast, for example black text on a white background or white text on a black background.

Descriptive Links

A screen reader will read out all text, so replacing long links in a document or social media post with a short description of the link can be extremely helpful for all readers. Whether or not you are using a screen reader, reading “learn more about describing links” is much more helpful than reading “learn more” or reading the full link, which I will spare you from. Check out Oregon State University’s summary of using links accessibly and this example a screen reader audio from Dallas College.

Accessibility Reviews

Some document editing softwares can automatically check how accessible the document is and let you know what can be improved. For example, in Microsoft Word, you can use the Word Doc Accessibility Checker under the  “Review” tab.  For example, the Accessibility Checker will tell you if you forgot alt text for an image or have unnecessary spaces in your document. Adobe Acrobat Pro, a PDF reader, also has an Adobe PDF Accessibility Checker.

4. Websites

Making websites accessible involves a combination of all of the accessibility tips and tools mentioned above. Typically, making websites accessible involves some knowledge of web design, but thankfully there are many companies and guides dedicated to making websites accessible. Here are some companies that can help you through the process of making your online presence accessible and inclusive:

The basics of accessible website technology (check out Dreamhost for more items) are:

  • Including alternative text for images and graphics
  • Incorporating captions in videos
  • Ensuring that users can navigate the website using the keyboard
  • Using large enough fonts and high contrasting colors
  • Avoiding tables of information except when communicating data points

5. Remote Working

COVID-19 has forced many workplaces to work remotely, increasing the need for organizations to proactively ensure that their systems and communications methods are accessible to people with a range of disabilities. For both in-person and remote working, the first step to making an inclusive workplace is asking employees what accommodations would help them be more successful, on a regular basis, and following through with requests. People often know what they need best, so asking is always a good place to start.

When it comes to making working from home accessible, ensuring digital accessibility through the methods mentioned earlier in this article is important, but not enough. Providing work schedule flexibility and offering to reimburse office furniture or any other accommodations needed are two ways to empower employees while working remotely. How many organizations have adapted to remote working has demonstrated how valuable and feasible work from home is as an accommodation. Making work from home accessible can help make more space for all employees to take care of their mental health. For more information on remote working an accessibility, check out these articles:

Pink rectangular graphic with small black text saying "Digital Accessibility in the Age of COVID-19  |  AAPD" above larger text saying "Example: Remote Working." Below is a dialogue between two colleagues. Janna the boss whose icon is a black woman with short natural hair says "Please let me know if there is anything we can do to support you working from home!" Paul the employee, whose icon is a young man with medium brown skin and shoulder-length dark hair, says "Hey Janna, there are definitely a few things that would help me work better at home! Let's talk during our check-in?" Janna says "Sure thing!"

Start Somewhere

Making your digital presence accessible may take time, but the important thing is to start today, start with your next social media post, start with asking your employees about their accessibility needs. COVID-19 has brought so many challenges and tragedies to our world, but it has also given us an unlikely opportunity to transform the world we live in into a more inclusive and supportive world for everyone!

Notes:
1.  This article is far from comprehensive in covering digital accessibility technology and tools, please let us know what resources and tips you would like to share and anything that we are missing here. Email with additional recommendations to add to this blog at communications@aapd.com.

 2. A huge thank you to the AAPD staff for providing input and feedback for blog! For best practice on digital accessibility, watch how organizations by and for folks with disabilities center accessibility in their digital communications. Disability orgs don’t get accessibility perfect all the time, but following their example is a great start!

 3. Language accessibility is another massive barrier. In the U.S., 1 in 5 people speak a language other than English at home. As you consider ensuring that your digital work is accessible, it is also important to consider how you can create translations of your work and incorporate language interpretation when possible.

4. If you’re having difficulty convincing your organization to invest in digital accessibility for inclusion and civil rights alone, it can be helpful to point out how adding alt-text and improving web accessibility can improve your Search Engine Optimization and presence online! Check out these links for more information on digital accessibility:

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How The Disability Community Can Respond to COVID-19 https://www.aapd.com/how-disability-respond-covid-19/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=how-disability-respond-covid-19 Fri, 13 Mar 2020 12:21:55 +0000 https://www.aapd.com/?p=9246 Ensuring People with Disabilities Can Access Prescription Drugs During the Current Crisis March 13, 2020 Many people with disabilities are at increased risk of serious or fatal complications from COVID-19 (coronavirus). In an active community outbreak, the safest option may be to self-isolate at home, perhaps for weeks or longer. In order to prepare for […]

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Ensuring People with Disabilities Can Access Prescription Drugs During the Current Crisis

March 13, 2020

Many people with disabilities are at increased risk of serious or fatal complications from COVID-19 (coronavirus). In an active community outbreak, the safest option may be to self-isolate at home, perhaps for weeks or longer. In order to prepare for this possibility, the CDC is currently recommending that people at high risk stock up on necessities, including maintenance prescription medication.

Unfortunately, many people with disabilities can’t take this advice because of insurance restrictions. Insurers typically refuse to cover refills on 30-day prescriptions until only three to seven days of medication remain. For certain controlled substance prescriptions, patients may be legally unable to fill a new prescription until the date that the previous prescription is scheduled to run out.

These coverage restrictions could leave many disabled people in danger. Visiting the pharmacy can be risky for some people with chronic illnesses in even a normal flu season. Some people with disabilities may also face logistical challenges in getting to the pharmacy if in-home support services become disrupted due to a local COVID-19 outbreak. While many people can use mail order pharmacies to avoid this risk, localized outbreaks and social distancing measures may disrupt supply chains. We cannot stake our lives on the assumption that the availability of medications will remain stable in the coming weeks and months. We need to be able to stock up now, as the CDC recommends.

Disrupting treatment always endangers patients, but even more so in a pandemic. COVID-19 is expected to heavily tax the resources of the health care system. The need for inpatient treatment will likely exceed capacity in many communities. Even outpatient clinics are likely to have a high number of patients seeking treatment for COVID-19 symptoms, making avoidable visits risky for those more vulnerable to complications. Additionally, patients whose chronic conditions are destabilized are in danger of becoming more severely ill if they are infected with COVID-19.

Fortunately, a few insurance companies have taken measures to protect patients. In both Massachusetts and North Carolina, Blue Cross Blue Shield has waived early refill limits on 30-day maintenance prescriptions. Recognizing that most of us cannot simply wait for our insurers to behave responsibly, the Washington state insurance commissioner issued an emergency order requiring insurers operating in the state to cover early refills. On March 10th, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services issued guidance to Medicare Part D plans reminding them of their ability to relax restrictions on early refills and lift barriers to obtaining prescriptions from out-of-network pharmacies.

While these emergency policies still fail to provide sufficient protection for many people with disabilities taking prescribed controlled substances, they offer significantly more protection than the status quo.

To further safeguard access to treatment, there are some additional changes beyond allowing for early refills to standard insurance policy practices that would be beneficial. These include relaxing restrictions on prescription fills at out-of-network pharmacies and offering coverage of non-formulary drugs if supply chain issues leave patients with no available formulary options. Widespread adoption of such policies would go a long way toward protecting the lives of people with disabilities in the COVID-19 crisis.

Now is the time to reach out to your state’s insurance Commissioner to urge them to follow Washington State’s lead in requiring early refills and to take other measures designed to ensure at-risk populations are able to follow the CDC’s guidance. We’ve prepared a template for advocacy organizations to use to urge their state’s insurance commissioner to take these common-sense measures to protect those most at-risk.

While many states have already required insurers to cover COVID-19 testing and treatment without cost-sharing, insufficient action has been taken to ensure that people with disabilities have access to early refills sufficient to comply with CDC guidance.

You can download our template at this link and adapt it to your organization’s needs. These measures will work best if they are undertaken before an active community outbreak in your area. Since our community includes many of those who are most at risk from COVID-19, we urge disability advocacy groups to make this an area of focus in the coming days and weeks.

If your organization is engaged in advocacy on protecting people with disabilities from COVID-19 or if you have been successful at securing action from your state government, we urge you to share details of that through this form. AAPD will be maintaining a page keeping track of advocacy efforts and policy measures to protect the disability community for the duration of the crisis.

Ari Ne’eman is a Visiting Scholar at the Lurie Institute for Disability Policy at Brandeis and a PhD student in Health Policy at Harvard University. He is a member of the AAPD Board of Directors.

Kit Albrecht is a Research Associate at the Association for Autistic Community.

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AAPD Intern to Entrepreneur https://www.aapd.com/aapd-intern-to-entrepreneur/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=aapd-intern-to-entrepreneur Thu, 06 Jun 2019 12:00:46 +0000 https://www.aapd.com/?p=6907 June 6, 2019 Daman WandkeCEO/FounderAbiliTrek / Access Travel LLC My name is Daman Wandke, and I am an accessible technology consultant, national disability advocate, and the founder and Chief Executive Officer of AbiliTrek, an accessibility consulting company. You might ask, what led me to starting AbiliTrek? I studied Management Information Systems at Western Washington University. […]

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June 6, 2019

Daman Wandke
CEO/Founder
AbiliTrek / Access Travel LLC

My name is Daman Wandke, and I am an accessible technology consultant, national disability advocate, and the founder and Chief Executive Officer of AbiliTrek, an accessibility consulting company. You might ask, what led me to starting AbiliTrek?

I studied Management Information Systems at Western Washington University. During my time as an undergrad student, I was extremely active on campus, especially regarding disability advocacy. Within my first week on campus, I started the first disability-oriented club and continued to make accessibility changes as well as spread disability awareness. However, my advocacy work did not stop on campus.

I received an internship through the American Association of People with Disabilities (AAPD) at the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). During my internship, I learned a lot about web accessibility such as learning how to make PDFs Section 508 compliant. Section 508 is an amendment to the Rehabilitation Act that requires electronic documents and communication technology to be accessible to people with disabilities. 

My summer internship turned into a long-term virtual internship where I continued to work remotely for the USDA from school for the next three years. I also continued to gain career support from my AAPD mentor, Matthew McCollough who is the Director of the DC Office of Disability Rights. During this time, I refined my skills in making PDFs accessible. I also had the opportunity to learn about project management and team leadership. This internship introduced me to my career.

I took the foundation that I learned at the USDA and broadened my web accessibility skills in my next two jobs. I worked at the Federal Housing Finance Agency coordinating 508 compliance agency-wide and then as an Accessibility Analyst at SSB BART Group (now Level Access), consulting large organizations on how to make their websites and other Information Technology (IT), accessible.

I then began on a path of entrepreneurship is where my path led. Over time, I built up a diverse amount of experience that became my foundation and leverage for my company. I used all of my experience to create AbiliTrek. AbiliTrek assists businesses via a plethora of disability advocacy and awareness services, including our Search and Review Platform, speaking engagements as well as providing IT accessibility consulting.

Our Platform allows people to innovatively search and review locations based on their personal accessibility needs, reflecting that accessibility is not “one-size-fits-all”. We desire for our platform to indicate where your items are–and are not–accessible to everyone as well as bring awareness to the growing accessibility needs.

Regarding consulting, AbiliTrek provides technical and functional web testing as well as web development to ensure access to all via assistive technology compatibility. If websites and apps are not compatible with assistive technology then those assistive Technologies are rendered useless.

Overall, AbiliTrek strives to create an inclusive environment so everyone has access to equal opportunities.

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Action Alert: Raise the Wage Bill National Call-In Day, March 26! https://www.aapd.com/action-alert-raise-the-wage-bill-national-call-in-day-march-26/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=action-alert-raise-the-wage-bill-national-call-in-day-march-26 https://www.aapd.com/action-alert-raise-the-wage-bill-national-call-in-day-march-26/#respond Mon, 25 Mar 2019 23:45:10 +0000 https://www.aapd.com/?p=6376 March 25, 2019 Senators Bernie Sanders (VT) and Patty Murray (WA), Representatives Robert “Bobby” Scott (VA), Mark Pocan (WI) and Stephanie Murphy (FL) have introduced the Raise the Wage Act in Congress to raise the minimum wage to $15 an hour and to phase out subminimum wage practices. Subminimum wage (Section 14(c) of the Fair Labor Standards Act) allows employers to pay as […]

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March 25, 2019

Senators Bernie Sanders (VT) and Patty Murray (WA), Representatives Robert “Bobby” Scott (VA), Mark Pocan (WI) and Stephanie Murphy (FL) have introduced the Raise the Wage Act in Congress to raise the minimum wage to $15 an hour and to phase out subminimum wage practices. Subminimum wage (Section 14(c) of the Fair Labor Standards Act) allows employers to pay as little as $1 per hour, or less, to workers with disabilities if they are considered less capable than a person who is not disabled. We need your help to pass this Act and get Americans with disabilities paid a fair wage. 

On March 26, call your Senators and Representative on national call-in day and ask them to support the Raise the Wage Act and eliminate the sub-minimum wage for disabled workers. If enacted, this legislation would:

  • Sunset the much-criticized ability of employers to pay workers with disabilities a subminimum wage through certificates issued by DOL;
  • Raise the federal minimum wage to $8.55 this year and increase it over the next five years until it reaches $15 an hour in 2024;
  • After 2024, adjust the minimum wage each year to keep pace with growth in the typical worker’s wages;
  • Phase out the outdated subminimum wage for tipped workers, which has been frozen at a meager $2.13 since 1991; and,
  • Phase out the subminimum wage for workers under the age of 20.

Call your Member of Congress and request that they co-sponsor and vote to pass the Raise the Wage Act (S.150H.R.582)!

Take Action

Call your Members of Congress

Call the Capitol Switchboard at (202) 224-3121 or (202) 224-3091 (TTY) and ask to be connected to your Senators or Representative. Once connected, make sure you give them your name and identify that you are a constituent. Below is a sample script for your calls. 

Sample Call Script: 

Hello, this is [Name]. I’m a resident of [Town, State].  I am calling to express my support for the Raise the Wage Act. Raising the minimum wage to $15/hr and ending subminimum wage practices is a win-win for workers AND the economy. Eliminating the sub-minimum wage for disabled workers is long over due in achieving real justice and economic security.  I am asking [Member of Congress’ Name] to cosponsor the Raise the Wage Act and vote YES to ending the sub-minimum wage and raising the minimum wage to $15/hr. Thank you for taking my call! [IF LEAVING A VOICEMAIL: please leave your full street address and zip code to ensure your call is tallied]

[Optional Add On]

Personal stories are the most effective form of advocacy. Talk about why ending subminimum wage and raising the minimum wage is important for you or someone you know and love.  

Email your Members of Congress

Contacting Congress provides unique links to email your Senators and Representative directly. 

Tweet your Members of Congress

Twitter has become a powerful tool to communicate with elected officials directly. Find your Senators and Representative on Twitter and tell them to co-sponsor the DIA!

Additional Resources:  

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